What is the first step in the Critical Decision-Making Model (CDM)?

• A. Assess Threats and Risks
• B. Collect Information
• C. Evaluate Options
• D. Communicate Commands

Answer: (A)

The first thing to do is establish the safety picture by quickly identifying what could threaten people and how serious or probable those threats are. This early risk assessment sets the priorities, tells you what needs protection, and signals how urgently action is required. With a clear sense of threats and risks, you can focus your next moves—collecting information, weighing possible responses, and deciding on a course of action—around the real dangers you’ve identified. For example, if there’s an active threat and potential harm to bystanders, the initial assessment will guide what information you seek (locations, escape routes, weapons), which options seem viable, and what level of urgency and control is necessary. Collecting information and evaluating options are essential steps, but they hinge on first understanding the threats and risks so you know what matters most and where to direct your efforts.