When are Miranda warnings required?

• A. Never required in non-custodial settings.
• B. When a person is in custody and being interrogated.
• C. Only during field interviews with no custody.
• D. Only for non-violent crimes.

Answer: (B)

Miranda warnings protect a suspect’s Fifth Amendment rights and apply only when two conditions are met: the person is in custody and is being interrogated. Custody means a reasonable person would not feel free to leave because of police control, location, or restraints. Interrogation means the police are asking questions or engaging in behavior that is reasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response. If the person is not in custody, or if police are not questioning them, Miranda warnings are not required. The type of crime doesn’t change this rule. If warnings are properly given and the person knowingly waives them, questioning may proceed; if not, statements may be suppressed in court.